Unlike some animals that adapt to changing temperatures through physical changes, cattle have limited ability to adjust to heat. Instead, they respond by changing their behavior and physiological functions in response to heat stress. Because heat stress occurs when cattle are exposed to certain environmental conditions, it cannot be eliminated entirely. However, producers can reduce its frequency and severity by identifying risk factors and implementing effective management strategies.

When cattle become heat stressed, they try to dissipate excess body heat through increased respiration, extending their necks to improve airflow, and minimizing time spent laying down. Recognizing the signs of heat stress is an essential part of maintaining good animal health and welfare. Common mitigation strategies include providing shade, ensuring access to clean drinking water, using surface water application or cooling systems, and designing facilities to promote airflow and heat dissipation.